Choose a dark location far from caves, villages, and other spawnable areas
Build a large spawning platform high above the ground or over an ocean
Use solid blocks for the floor
Make the platform at least 2 blocks high inside for most hostile mobs
Add trapdoors or slabs to help mobs spawn and move
Place water streams to push mobs toward a central drop
Build a funnel or chute leading to a kill chamber
Make the drop tall enough to weaken mobs without killing them
Add hoppers at the bottom to collect drops
Connect hoppers to chests for storage
Light up all nearby caves and surface areas to improve spawn rates
AFK near the farm at the correct distance so mobs spawn inside it
Use a roof to keep the platform dark
Add multiple spawning layers to increase output
Test the farm at night and adjust water flow or spawning spaces if needed