Heat oil or butter in a large pot over medium heat
Add chopped onion and cook until softened
Add minced garlic and cook briefly
Add ground beef and cook until browned
Drain excess fat if needed
Stir in paprika, salt, black pepper, and optional caraway seeds
Add tomato paste and stir to combine
Pour in beef broth or water
Add diced tomatoes
Add elbow macaroni or other pasta if making American goulash
Bring to a boil
Reduce heat and simmer until pasta is tender and flavors blend
Stir occasionally to prevent sticking
Adjust seasoning to taste
Serve hot