Wash, peel, core, and slice ripe but firm pears
Measure the prepared pears
Combine pears, sugar, and lemon juice in a large pot
Let the mixture sit until the pears release juice
Add water if needed to prevent sticking
Cook over medium heat, stirring until the sugar dissolves
Bring to a gentle boil
Simmer until the pears turn translucent and the syrup thickens
Stir in cinnamon, cloves, or vanilla if desired
Skim off any foam from the surface
Test for doneness by checking syrup thickness
Ladle the hot preserves into sterilized jars
Leave proper headspace
Wipe jar rims clean
Seal with lids and rings
Process in a boiling water bath if needed for safe storage
Let jars cool completely
Check that the lids have sealed
Store in a cool, dark place