Brew espresso (1–2 shots), using an espresso machine or stovetop moka pot
Heat milk to 60–70°C (140–160°F), until steaming and slightly foamy
Texture the milk by steaming, swirling to incorporate microfoam (optional if using a milk frother)
If desired, warm the cup by rinsing with hot water
Pour espresso into the cup
Add steamed milk, holding back foam with a spoon if needed
Spoon a thin layer of foam on top to finish
Optional: dust with cocoa or cinnamon
Optional: sweeten with sugar or flavored syrup before adding milk (to taste)