Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher every day
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear a wide-brim hat and seek shade
Use a gentle cleanser twice daily
Apply vitamin C serum in the morning
Use niacinamide serum daily
Use azelaic acid for dark spots
Use retinoids at night if tolerated
Apply alpha arbutin or kojic acid products
Use exfoliating acids like glycolic acid or lactic acid 1 to 3 times weekly
Moisturize regularly to protect the skin barrier
Avoid picking, scrubbing, or rubbing the face
Treat acne early to prevent post-inflammatory dark marks
Use products consistently for several weeks to months
Patch test new products before full use
See a dermatologist for persistent, worsening, or severe pigmentation
Ask a dermatologist about prescription treatments like hydroquinone, tretinoin, or chemical peels
Get evaluated for underlying causes such as melasma, eczema, or hormonal changes