Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher every day
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear a wide-brimmed hat and seek shade
Use a gentle cleanser twice daily
Apply vitamin C serum in the morning
Use niacinamide serum daily
Use azelaic acid for dark spots
Use retinoids at night if tolerated
Use alpha arbutin or kojic acid products
Use glycolic acid or lactic acid exfoliants 1 to 3 times weekly
Avoid picking, scratching, or rubbing the skin
Keep skin moisturized with a non-irritating moisturizer
Treat acne promptly to prevent post-inflammatory pigmentation
Avoid harsh scrubs and strong home remedies
Use hydroquinone only under medical supervision
See a dermatologist for persistent or severe pigmentation
Consider professional treatments like chemical peels, laser, or microneedling only with a specialist
Maintain a consistent skincare routine for several weeks to months