Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher daily
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear a wide-brimmed hat and protective clothing
Avoid direct sun exposure during peak hours
Use topical vitamin C
Use niacinamide
Use azelaic acid
Use retinoids at night
Use alpha arbutin
Use kojic acid
Use glycolic acid or lactic acid
Use tranexamic acid
Use hydroquinone only under medical supervision
Keep skin moisturized
Avoid picking or scratching dark spots
Treat acne and inflammation early
Use gentle skincare products
Consider chemical peels by a dermatologist
Consider laser treatment by a dermatologist
Consult a dermatologist for persistent or worsening pigmentation