Sand the wood (start with 80–120 grit, finish with 180–220 grit)
Remove dust with a vacuum and tack cloth
Choose the stain type (oil-based, water-based, gel) and stir thoroughly
Test stain on a scrap piece or hidden area
Apply pre-stain conditioner (only for blotch-prone softwoods, if needed)
Apply stain with a brush, rag, or foam applicator in the direction of the grain
Keep a wet edge and work consistently across the surface
Wipe off excess stain after the recommended time (or follow the product’s dwell time)
Apply a second coat if a deeper color is desired (after the first coat dries)
Allow stain to dry fully per the product label
Lightly buff with a fine grit (220–320) if you want a smoother finish
Remove dust with a tack cloth
Apply a clear protective finish (polyurethane, varnish, or lacquer), using brush/foam/cloth as directed
Sand lightly between coats (220–320 grit) if applying multiple clear coats
Let the final coat cure fully before heavy use