Use a gentle, fragrance-free shampoo
Shampoo with lukewarm water (avoid hot water)
Wash regularly enough to remove buildup, without over-washing
Limit hair oils, heavy conditioners on the scalp, and styling products that leave residue
Apply conditioner only to hair lengths, not the scalp
Try an anti-dandruff shampoo if flakes are present (choose one):
Ketoconazole 1%–2%
Selenium sulfide
Zinc pyrithione
Salicylic acid
Coal tar
Use the anti-dandruff shampoo 2–3 times per week, leaving it on the scalp for 3–5 minutes before rinsing
Alternate with a gentle moisturizing shampoo on other wash days
Reduce heat styling and minimize friction (avoid aggressive towel rubbing, tight hairstyles)
Stop using new or irritating products and avoid frequent scalp exfoliation
Consider a scalp moisturizer or leave-in treatment made for dry scalp (look for ingredients like glycerin, hyaluronic acid, ceramides, or panthenol)
If the scalp is itchy or inflamed, use a short course of a low-strength hydrocortisone 1% cream/solution on the scalp as directed on the label
Avoid scratching; keep nails short
Ensure adequate hydration and a balanced diet
If symptoms persist or worsen after 2–4 weeks, see a dermatologist
Seek medical care promptly if there are thick scales, oozing, pain, significant redness, hair loss, or swollen lymph nodes