Choose a field where major unsolved problems remain
Build deep expertise in a narrow area
Produce original, high-impact work
Focus on questions that matter broadly
Work with strong mentors and collaborators
Publish in respected venues
Replicate and validate your results carefully
Persist for years or decades
Take intellectual risks
Develop a distinctive research agenda
Communicate your ideas clearly
Contribute work that changes how others think or work
Maintain scientific rigor and integrity
Stay curious and disciplined
Keep improving your methods and tools