Choose a broad topic of interest
Narrow the topic to a specific issue
Identify a gap, problem, or unanswered question
Review existing literature on the topic
Define the population, setting, or context
Specify the variables or concepts to study
Make the question clear and focused
Ensure the question is researchable
Ensure the question is feasible with available time and resources
Ensure the question is relevant and significant
Use precise and neutral wording
Ask what, how, why, or to what extent
Avoid vague, broad, or leading wording
Align the question with your research purpose
Revise the question until it is specific and manageable