Gather silicon wafers, glass sheet, EVA encapsulant, backsheet, aluminum frame, junction box, tabbing wire, and solder
Clean the silicon wafers and inspect for defects
Apply anti-reflective coating to the wafer surface
Print or deposit conductive contacts on the wafers
Solder tabbing wires to connect individual solar cells
Arrange the cells into strings
Connect the cell strings together to form a panel layout
Place the glass sheet on the front layer
Add the EVA encapsulant layer
Position the connected solar cells on the encapsulant
Add another EVA layer over the cells
Place the backsheet on the rear side
Laminate the full stack under heat and vacuum
Trim the edges after lamination
Attach the aluminum frame around the panel
Install the junction box on the back
Connect the internal wiring to the junction box
Seal all edges and openings for weather protection
Test the panel for voltage, current, and insulation
Inspect for cracks, delamination, and wiring faults
Package the finished solar panel for transport