Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher daily
Avoid direct sun exposure during peak hours
Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses outdoors
Use topical vitamin C
Use topical niacinamide
Use topical azelaic acid
Use topical kojic acid
Use topical alpha arbutin
Use topical retinoids
Use topical glycolic acid or lactic acid
Use topical tranexamic acid
Use hydroquinone only under medical supervision
Treat acne, eczema, and other skin inflammation promptly
Avoid picking, scratching, and rubbing the skin
Use gentle cleansers and moisturizers
Maintain consistent skincare use for several weeks to months
Consult a dermatologist for persistent pigmentation
Consider chemical peels, laser treatments, or prescription therapies with a specialist
Avoid unregulated skin-lightening products
Avoid steroid-mixed creams without medical advice