Gently exfoliate the area 1–2 times a week with a mild scrub or chemical exfoliant
Moisturize daily with a thick cream containing urea, lactic acid, glycerin, or ceramides
Apply sunscreen to exposed elbows and knees every day
Reduce friction and pressure on elbows and knees
Avoid harsh soaps and hot water
Use a soft washcloth instead of scrubbing hard
Treat dry skin consistently with petroleum jelly or a rich ointment at night
Try products with niacinamide, vitamin C, or azelaic acid
Keep the skin hydrated by drinking enough water
Wear protective clothing if friction from clothing is causing darkening
Use gentle retinoid products if tolerated
See a dermatologist if the darkening is sudden, severe, or persistent
Get checked for underlying causes such as eczema, insulin resistance, or hormonal issues if needed