Max out tax-advantaged retirement accounts
Use employer-sponsored retirement plans
Contribute to an HSA if eligible
Use an FSA if available
Claim all eligible tax deductions
Claim all eligible tax credits
Harvest tax losses in taxable investments
Hold investments longer for lower long-term capital gains rates
Use tax-efficient index funds or ETFs
Donate to qualified charities
Bunch deductible expenses into one tax year
Defer income to a later tax year
Accelerate deductible expenses into the current tax year
Use a dependent care account if eligible
Claim education-related tax benefits
Use the home office deduction if eligible
Track business expenses carefully
Deduct self-employment taxes and business costs if applicable
Consider a traditional IRA if eligible
Review filing status for the most favorable option
Use tax credits for children or dependents if eligible
Adjust withholding to avoid overpaying during the year
Consult a qualified tax professional