Open a crafting table
Place 1 stick in the bottom-middle slot
Place 2 of the same material above it in the middle-middle and top-middle slots
Use one of these material combinations:
Wooden sword: 2 wooden planks
Stone sword: 2 cobblestone
Iron sword: 2 iron ingots
Golden sword: 2 gold ingots
Diamond sword: 2 diamonds
Netherite sword: 1 diamond sword and 1 netherite ingot in a smithing table
Take the sword from the result slot