Add 2 to 4 inches of compost and mix it into the top 6 to 12 inches of soil
Repeat compost additions annually
Incorporate well-rotted leaf mold
Mix in aged manure if suitable for your plants
Use coarse organic matter such as pine bark fines
Avoid adding sand unless it is in large amounts and thoroughly mixed
Till or loosen compacted soil deeply before planting
Use raised beds for poor-draining areas
Install drainage tiles or French drains where needed
Keep foot traffic off wet clay soil
Mulch the surface to improve soil structure over time
Grow deep-rooted cover crops to break up clay
Add gypsum only if a soil test shows it is beneficial
Maintain proper soil pH based on soil test results
Work soil only when it is moist, not wet
Avoid overwatering
Create planting mounds for water-sensitive plants