Define the robot’s purpose
Choose the robot type
List required functions
Design the mechanical structure
Select motors and actuators
Select sensors
Choose a controller or microcontroller
Choose a power source
Gather wiring and connectors
Build the frame
Mount motors and actuators
Install sensors
Wire the electronics
Program the controller
Test individual components
Calibrate sensors and movement
Integrate all systems
Debug hardware and software
Enclose and secure components
Test the full robot
Refine and improve the design