Start with the author’s last name, first name (if available).
Use the title in quotation marks for articles, essays, and chapters; italicize the title for books, reports, and websites.
Use container titles in italics (journal, magazine, website, database, etc.).
Include the publisher for books and reports.
Include the volume and issue numbers (if available) and page range (if available) for periodicals.
Include the publication date in day Month year format (if available); otherwise use Month year or just year.
Include the URL or DOI at the end for online sources.
MLA 9 core order: Author. “Title.” Container, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
For a website: Author (if available). “Page Title.” Website Title, Publisher (if different), Publication Date (if available), URL.
For a journal article: Author. “Article Title.” Journal Title, vol. number, no. number, Publication Date, pp. page range, DOI.
For a book: Author. *Book Title*. Publisher, Publication Date.
For a chapter in an edited book: Author. “Chapter Title.” *Book Title*, edited by Editor(s), Publisher, Publication Date, pp. page range.
For a film/TV episode: Title of Episode (if applicable). *Series Title*, season, episode, network, release year, URL (if streaming online).
For a video (YouTube, etc.): Creator. “Video Title.” *YouTube*, uploaded by Username, upload date, URL.
For a government report: Government agency. *Report Title*. Publisher, Publication Date, URL.
Always use hanging indentation for entries in the Works Cited list.
Alphabetize entries by the first element (usually author last name).
Use italics for containers and titles of larger works; use quotation marks for shorter works.
Use the same formatting in-text citations: (Author Last Name page) or (Title page) if no author.
Use page numbers in in-text citations when available (e.g., “Smith 24”).