Turn off and unplug the filter, heater, and any electrical equipment

Remove fish and delicate decorations if needed

Use a gravel vacuum or siphon designed for sand

Hold the vacuum just above the sand surface to lift debris without removing too much sand

Stir only the top layer of sand lightly to release trapped waste

Vacuum small sections at a time

Remove uneaten food, fish waste, and debris from the surface

Replace removed water with dechlorinated, temperature-matched water

Rinse filter media in old tank water if needed

Use a turkey baster or small siphon for spot cleaning

Avoid deep stirring that can release harmful gases from compacted sand

Clean the sand regularly to prevent buildup

Do partial water changes on a routine schedule

Recheck water parameters after cleaning