Take an over-the-counter pain reliever early (ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen)
Consider an OTC migraine medicine if available (migraine-specific options such as acetaminophen plus caffeine or combination products)
Use a prescribed triptan if you have one (take as directed at the start of symptoms)
If nausea is present, take an anti-nausea medicine you were prescribed or ask a clinician about options
Drink water or an electrolyte drink; avoid alcohol
Rest in a dark, quiet room
Apply a cold pack to the forehead/temples or back of the neck for 10–20 minutes
Avoid strong smells, bright screens, and loud noise
Limit caffeine to small amounts; avoid large or repeated doses
Try gentle neck stretching or relaxation techniques; avoid strenuous activity
Keep regular sleep and meal times; do not skip meals
If you have frequent migraines, discuss preventive treatment with a clinician (beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, anti-CGRP options, anti-seizure meds)
Track triggers and symptoms in a journal to identify patterns
Seek urgent care or emergency help if you have a “worst headache,” sudden thunderclap onset, new weakness/numbness, confusion, fainting, seizure, fever with stiff neck, vision loss, or head injury
Contact a clinician promptly if headaches are new, worsening, or not responding to usual treatments, or if you need acute meds more than recommended (e.g., frequent use can cause medication-overuse headache)