Identify the cause: genetics, lack of sleep, allergies, rubbing, dehydration, sun exposure, pigmentation, or volume loss
Get adequate sleep consistently
Treat allergies and nasal congestion
Avoid rubbing or scratching the eye area
Use daily broad-spectrum sunscreen around the eyes
Wear sunglasses outdoors
Stay hydrated
Reduce salt and alcohol intake
Use cold compresses for temporary puffiness
Use topical ingredients such as caffeine, vitamin C, retinoids, niacinamide, or hyaluronic acid
Consider prescription treatments for pigmentation if appropriate
Treat iron deficiency or other nutritional deficiencies if present
Address eczema or dermatitis with a dermatologist
Consider professional treatments such as chemical peels, laser therapy, microneedling, or fillers
See a dermatologist to determine the exact cause and best long-term treatment
Understand that some dark circles cannot be permanently removed, only significantly reduced