Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher every day
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear a wide-brim hat and seek shade
Avoid direct sun exposure during peak hours
Use gentle skincare products
Avoid scrubbing, harsh exfoliants, and picking at skin
Stop or reduce triggers like heat and visible light exposure
Consider topical treatments such as hydroquinone
Consider topical retinoids such as tretinoin
Consider azelaic acid
Consider tranexamic acid
Consider vitamin C serums
Consider kojic acid or niacinamide
Use prescription treatments under a dermatologist’s guidance
Ask a dermatologist about chemical peels
Ask a dermatologist about laser or light-based treatments
Treat hormonal triggers if applicable
Review birth control or hormone therapy with a doctor
Maintain a consistent skincare routine
Be patient, since melasma often takes months to improve