Be a legal resident in Spain for the required period
Maintain continuous residence and avoid long absences
Meet the required residency period for your case
10 years for most applicants
5 years for refugees
2 years for nationals of certain Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or people of Sephardic origin
1 year for specific cases such as being born in Spain, being married to a Spanish citizen, or being the child of a Spanish citizen
Pass the Spanish language test if required
Pass the constitutional and cultural knowledge test if required
Show good civic conduct
Provide valid identification and civil status documents
Submit the citizenship application to the Spanish authorities
Pay the required application fee
Wait for the decision on your application
Take the oath of allegiance if approved
Register your citizenship and obtain Spanish documents