Close other applications and browser tabs
Use a 64-bit version of Excel
Increase available RAM
Disable unnecessary add-ins
Set calculation to manual
Reduce volatile formulas
Avoid full-column references
Limit conditional formatting
Reduce excessive formatting
Break large workbooks into smaller files
Remove unused worksheets and objects
Use efficient formulas and functions
Replace formulas with values where possible
Use PivotTables instead of large formula ranges
Save files in .xlsx or .xlsb format
Keep files on a local SSD
Update Excel to the latest version
Update graphics and system drivers
Adjust Windows power settings to High performance
Increase virtual memory if needed
Turn off hardware acceleration if it causes issues
Use multi-threaded calculation settings
Optimize external links and connections
Minimize use of array formulas
Avoid excessive charts, images, and shapes
Clear unnecessary workbook history and metadata
Restart Excel and the computer regularly