Gather 8 paper and 1 compass
Open a crafting table
Place the compass in the center slot
Place the 8 paper around the compass
Take the empty map from the result slot
Hold the map in your hand
Right-click or use the map to create the map view
Explore the area to fill in the map
Use more paper and a cartography table to enlarge the map if needed
Use a cartography table with paper to zoom out the map
Use a cartography table with glass pane to lock the map if needed