Use a camera with manual controls
Use a telephoto lens or telescope
Mount the camera on a tripod
Turn off flash
Set ISO low, around 100 to 400
Use a fast shutter speed, around 1/125 to 1/1000
Start with aperture around f/8 to f/11
Focus manually on the moon
Use a remote shutter release or timer
Shoot in RAW format
Expose for the moon, not the dark sky
Adjust settings based on moon phase and brightness
Take multiple shots with different settings
Use image stabilization only if not on a tripod
Edit exposure, contrast, and sharpness afterward