Check the hemipenal bulges at the base of the tail
Males usually have two distinct bulges
Females usually have one central bulge or a flatter base
Use a bright light to gently backlight the tail base
Look for two dark parallel hemipenal shadows in males
Look for a single central shadow or no clear shadows in females
Compare the femoral pores on the underside of the thighs
Males usually have larger, more noticeable femoral pores
Females usually have smaller, less prominent femoral pores
Observe the head and body shape
Males are often broader and more muscular
Females are often smaller and slimmer
Watch behavior during breeding season
Males may show head bobbing and territorial displays
Use size and age only as rough clues
Confirm sex with an experienced reptile vet if unsure