Create a new sheet: Go to Google Sheets → Blank or Template
Name the file: Click the untitled spreadsheet name at the top
Add data: Click a cell and type; press Enter or Tab to move
Edit a cell: Double-click the cell or press F2
Format cells: Select cells → use the toolbar (font, size, bold, alignment, borders, fill color)
Adjust column/row size: Drag column letters or row numbers, or double-click to auto-fit
Freeze header rows/columns: View → Freeze → choose rows/columns
Sort data: Select a range → Data → Sort range → set column and order
Filter data: Select a range → Data → Create a filter
Use formulas: Select a cell → type `=` → enter the formula → press Enter
Common formulas: `SUM`, `AVERAGE`, `COUNT`, `MAX`, `MIN`, `IF`, `VLOOKUP`, `XLOOKUP`, `INDEX`/`MATCH`, `SUMIF`, `COUNTIF`
Copy formulas: Select the cell with the formula → drag the fill handle (small square)
Create charts: Select data → Insert → Chart → choose chart type and options
Add multiple sheets: Click the plus (+) next to the sheet tabs
Rename a sheet: Double-click the sheet tab name
Move/duplicate a sheet: Right-click the sheet tab → Move or Copy
Data validation (drop-downs): Select cells → Data → Data validation → choose criteria → save
Conditional formatting: Select cells → Format → Conditional formatting → set rules
Import data: File → Import → choose source (CSV, Excel, etc.)
Share a sheet: Click Share → enter email/choose link access → set permissions → Send/Copy link
Download: File → Download → choose format (Excel, PDF, CSV, etc.)
Protect ranges: Data → Protect sheets and ranges → add a protected range → set permissions