Clean the wood thoroughly
Sand the surface smooth
Remove all dust and debris
Let the wood dry completely
Apply a wood preservative
Seal all edges and end grain
Use an exterior-grade primer
Apply exterior paint, stain, or varnish
Add multiple thin coats
Let each coat dry fully
Sand lightly between coats if needed
Recoat exposed areas regularly
Inspect for cracks, peeling, or water damage
Repair damage immediately
Store wood under cover when possible