Identify the main purpose of the study
State the research problem or question
Briefly mention the methods used
Summarize the key results
Highlight the main conclusion
Keep it concise and clear
Use past tense for completed work
Avoid citations and references
Avoid unnecessary details
Use keywords that reflect the topic
Follow the required word limit
Write the abstract after finishing the full paper
Ensure the abstract can stand alone
Revise for clarity, accuracy, and brevity