State the independent variable and dependent variable
Use clear, specific, and measurable language
Write it as a testable prediction
Frame it as an if-then statement when appropriate
Include the expected relationship between variables
Make it concise and focused on one idea
Use present or future tense consistently
Avoid vague, subjective, or untestable wording
Ensure it can be supported or rejected by data
Match the wording to the research question
Example: If the temperature increases, then the rate of reaction will increase
Example: If students study longer, then their test scores will improve