Choose a topic and narrow it to a specific question or claim
Find reliable sources and gather key notes
Create an outline with a clear thesis statement
Write an engaging introduction that includes the thesis
Develop body paragraphs that each focus on one main idea
Use topic sentences for each body paragraph
Add evidence from sources to support each claim
Explain how the evidence supports the point
Address counterarguments and respond to them (if required)
Write a conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes main points
Revise for clarity, logic, and stronger transitions
Check grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting
Ensure citations and references match the required style guide
Read the essay aloud or have someone review it
Finalize the document and confirm word count and requirements