Choose the right time: early spring or early fall when the grass is actively growing
Mow the lawn to a short height before aerating
Water the lawn 1 day before aeration (soil should be moist, not muddy)
Check soil compaction by pushing a screwdriver or soil probe into the ground
Select an aeration method: core aerator (recommended), spike aerator (avoid if possible)
Use a core aerator and drive it across the lawn in overlapping passes
Aerate at the correct depth to pull plugs (typically 2–3.5 inches, depending on soil and equipment)
Leave the soil plugs on the surface after aeration
Apply topdressing (optional but helpful) by brushing compost/sand into the plug holes
Rake lightly to distribute topdressing evenly (avoid removing plugs)
Water the lawn immediately after aeration, then keep it lightly moist for several days
Avoid mowing for 1–2 days after aeration
Resume regular mowing once grass rebounds
If overseeding, seed after aeration and keep the seedbed consistently moist until germination
Fertilize only if needed, following label directions and timing for your grass type
Plan to aerate based on compaction and traffic (often once per year for many lawns, more for heavy traffic)