Choose a safe, level outdoor location
Check local building codes and fire regulations
Gather materials: fire bricks, clay bricks, cement, sand, gravel, insulation, rebar, mortar, chimney pipe, oven door, and heat-resistant sealant
Gather tools: shovel, level, trowel, tape measure, saw, bucket, wheelbarrow, and safety gear
Mark the oven footprint and foundation size
Excavate the foundation area
Add and compact a gravel base
Build a reinforced concrete foundation slab
Let the foundation cure fully
Build a sturdy base or stand with concrete blocks or brick
Install a reinforced support slab on top of the base
Let the support slab cure fully
Lay out the oven floor shape on the slab
Place fire bricks tightly for the cooking floor
Keep the floor level and aligned
Build a sand form for the dome shape
Lay the first course of fire bricks around the floor edge
Use refractory mortar for all oven interior joints
Continue building the dome in successive courses
Stagger brick joints between layers
Cut bricks as needed to maintain the dome curve
Leave an opening for the oven mouth
Form the arch for the entrance
Install the chimney opening above the entrance
Build the chimney stack to the desired height
Apply insulation around the dome
Add ceramic fiber blanket or insulating material
Cover insulation with a protective outer layer
Finish the exterior with brick, stucco, or render
Let all mortar and finishes cure completely
Build a curing fire gradually over several days
Remove any sand form after the structure is stable
Clean the oven interior before first use
Test the oven for heat retention and airflow
Make any necessary repairs or sealing adjustments