Check local codes, permits, and property lines
Call utility marking services before digging
Measure the wall location, length, height, and curve
Choose the wall type and stone size
Gather materials: stones, gravel, crushed stone, landscape fabric, drainage pipe, soil, and capstones if needed
Gather tools: shovel, rake, tamper, level, string line, stakes, wheelbarrow, masonry hammer, and gloves
Excavate a trench below frost depth if required
Make the trench wide enough for the wall base
Compact the trench bottom
Lay landscape fabric if needed
Add and compact a base layer of crushed stone
Set the first course of stones in the trench
Keep the first course level from end to end
Stagger joints between stones
Backfill behind the wall with gravel for drainage
Install perforated drainage pipe if needed
Add drainage stone behind the wall
Build additional courses with a slight backward lean if required
Check level, alignment, and stability after each course
Use smaller stones to wedge and lock larger stones
Fill gaps with smaller stones and chinking stones
Place capstones or top stones securely
Backfill the remaining area with soil
Compact the backfill in layers
Grade the area to direct water away from the wall
Inspect the wall for movement, voids, and drainage issues
Maintain the wall by removing vegetation and resetting loose stones