Determine your filing status
Find your gross income
Subtract above-the-line deductions to get adjusted gross income
Subtract the standard deduction or itemized deductions to get taxable income
Apply the federal tax brackets for your filing status to your taxable income
Calculate tax owed in each bracket and add the amounts together
Subtract any tax credits
Subtract federal tax withholding and estimated tax payments
Compare the result to see whether you owe more or get a refund