Use the author’s last name and initials
Include the publication year in parentheses
Italicize the title of books, reports, journals, and websites when required
Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, and proper nouns
Include the source title in sentence case
Add the edition, volume, or issue number if applicable
Include the page range for articles or book chapters
Add the DOI as a URL when available
Use a URL for online sources without a DOI
Format the reference list with a hanging indent
Alphabetize references by the first author’s last name
For in-text citations, use the author’s last name and year
Include page numbers for direct quotations
Use “et al.” for sources with three or more authors in in-text citations
Match every in-text citation to a reference list entry