Use the author’s last name and the page number in parentheses: (Smith 23)
If there are two authors, include both last names: (Smith and Jones 45)
If there are three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.: (Smith et al. 18)
If no author is listed, use a shortened title in quotation marks: (“Article Title” 12)
If the source has no page numbers, include only the author’s last name: (Smith)
If the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, include only the page number in parentheses: Smith says this is true (23)
Place the citation before the period at the end of the sentence
For a direct quote, include the page number where the quote appears: (Smith 23)
For a source without page numbers, use another locator if available, such as a paragraph number: (Smith par. 4)