Put the author’s last name and the page number in parentheses after the quoted or paraphrased material
Example: (Smith 23)
If the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, include only the page number in parentheses
Example: Smith explains the idea (23)
For two authors, include both last names joined by and
Example: (Smith and Jones 45)
For three or more authors, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.
Example: (Smith et al. 12)
For a source with no author, use a shortened version of the title in quotation marks
Example: (“Short Title” 7)
For a source with no page numbers, include only the author’s name
Example: (Smith)
Place the citation before the period at the end of the sentence
Cite every direct quote and paraphrase
Use the same citation format for print and digital sources when page numbers are available