Wear gloves and eye protection
Remove loose rust with a wire brush, sandpaper, or abrasive pad
Clean the surface with soap and water
Dry the surface completely
Apply white vinegar or lemon juice to small rust spots
Let it sit, then scrub and rinse
Use baking soda paste for light rust
Apply a commercial rust remover for stubborn rust
Sand down remaining rust until bare metal is exposed
Wipe the surface with a clean cloth
Apply a rust converter if needed
Prime the metal with a rust-inhibiting primer
Paint or seal the surface to prevent future rust
Store metal items in a dry place
Keep metal surfaces clean and moisture-free