Gather materials: patch/repair compound, putty knife, painter’s tape, sandpaper (120/220 grit), primer, paint, utility knife, dust brush/vacuum, sponge, caulk (if needed), spackle or drywall compound (as appropriate), drywall patch or backing (if the hole is large)
Turn off power to nearby outlets/switches if working near them
Remove loose or crumbling material around the hole using a utility knife
Cut back to clean, solid edges (square or slightly tapered shape)
For small holes: clean the area, lightly dampen if dusty, and skip to filling
For medium/large holes: install a backing (wood slats or metal drywall backing) behind the opening
For larger holes: attach a drywall patch or mesh to the backing so the patch is firm and flush
Apply painter’s tape around the opening if needed to control compound and protect edges
Fill the hole with patch/repair compound using a putty knife
Press compound firmly into the hole and smooth flush with the wall surface
If depth is significant, apply in thin layers, letting each layer fully dry
Feather edges by blending each layer outward beyond the hole
Let the final layer dry completely
Sand smooth with 120 grit to level, then 220 grit to finish
Remove dust with a brush or vacuum
Apply primer to the patched area (and surrounding feathered edges)
Let primer dry fully
Paint to match wall color; apply additional coats as needed
Remove tape (if used) carefully before final touch-up
Let paint cure before heavy contact or cleaning