Thaw the Cornish hens in the refrigerator if frozen
Remove giblets and neck from the cavity
Pat the hens dry with paper towels
Trim any excess fat or loose skin
Rinse only if needed, then pat dry again
Season inside and outside with salt and pepper
Add optional herbs, garlic, lemon, or butter under the skin
Truss the legs if desired for even cooking
Preheat the oven to 375°F to 400°F
Place the hens breast-side up in a roasting pan or on a rack
Brush with oil or melted butter
Roast until the internal temperature reaches 165°F in the thickest part of the thigh
Baste occasionally if desired
Let the hens rest for 10 to 15 minutes before serving
Carve or serve whole
Alternative: grill over medium heat until fully cooked
Alternative: air fry at 360°F to 375°F until 165°F internal temperature
Alternative: braise or slow cook with broth and vegetables until tender