Use quotation marks for direct quotes of fewer than 40 words
Include the author’s last name, year of publication, and page number in the citation
Place the citation after the quote before the period
Use a block quote for direct quotes of 40 words or more
Start a block quote on a new line
Indent the entire block quote 0.5 inches from the left margin
Do not use quotation marks for block quotes
Place the citation after the final punctuation of the block quote
Use ellipses to show omitted words within a quote
Use brackets to add or change words for clarity
Keep the quote exactly as written except for necessary changes
Cite paraphrased material with author and year, even without quotation marks