Use the author’s last name and year of publication in parentheses: (Smith, 2023)
If there is no author, use the organization name: (American Psychological Association, 2023)
If there is no date, use n.d.: (Smith, n.d.)
For a direct quote, include the page number if available: (Smith, 2023, p. 4)
If there are no page numbers, use a paragraph number or section heading: (Smith, 2023, para. 2)
Place the citation before the period if it is at the end of a sentence
If the author’s name is part of the sentence, put only the year in parentheses: Smith (2023) states that…