Identify the map title, scale, contour interval, and legend
Find north using the north arrow or grid orientation
Use the scale to estimate distances
Read contour lines to determine elevation
Note that close contour lines indicate steep slopes
Note that widely spaced contour lines indicate gentle slopes
Look for closed contour loops to identify hills or depressions
Check contour labels for exact elevations
Use contour shapes to recognize valleys, ridges, and saddles
Compare nearby features to understand terrain changes
Use symbols in the legend to identify roads, water, trails, and landmarks
Read grid lines or coordinates to locate positions on the map
Match map features with real-world landmarks for orientation
Follow contour patterns to infer the direction of slope
Use the map’s contour interval to calculate elevation differences