Elevate feet above heart level for 15–30 minutes, 2–4 times daily
Avoid standing or sitting with legs down for long periods; take short walking breaks every 30–60 minutes
Wear compression socks or stockings (proper size)
Reduce salt intake; avoid high-sodium processed foods
Stay hydrated
Exercise regularly (walking, calf raises, ankle pumps) to improve circulation
Maintain a healthy weight
Avoid tight shoes or clothing that restricts circulation; choose supportive footwear
Manage underlying conditions (e.g., heart, kidney, liver, thyroid disease, diabetes) and follow prescribed treatment
Review medications with a clinician/pharmacist if swelling started after a new drug (common culprits include certain blood pressure meds, NSAIDs, steroids, and some hormones)
Limit alcohol if it worsens swelling
Use gentle stretching of calves and ankles
Apply cool compresses or elevate after prolonged activity
When to seek urgent care: sudden one-sided swelling, severe pain, redness/warmth, shortness of breath, chest pain, or inability to bear weight