Identify the cause of anemia (iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, blood loss, chronic disease, hemolysis, bone marrow disorders, kidney disease)
Get lab tests as advised (CBC, ferritin, iron/TIBC, vitamin B12, folate, reticulocyte count, kidney function, and other tests based on suspected cause)
Treat iron deficiency anemia with oral iron as prescribed
Take iron as directed and continue for the recommended duration after hemoglobin normalizes
Consider IV iron if oral iron is not tolerated, ineffective, or if anemia is severe or rapid repletion is needed
Treat vitamin deficiency anemia with vitamin B12 or folate supplementation as prescribed
Address ongoing blood loss (treat heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, hemorrhoids, or other sources)
If anemia is due to chronic disease, manage the underlying condition and follow clinician guidance for anemia treatment
If anemia is due to kidney disease, consider erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron support as prescribed
For hemolytic anemia, treat the underlying cause (autoimmune, inherited disorders, medications, infections) with specialist-directed therapy
For bone marrow disorders, follow hematology guidance (medications, transfusions, or other therapies)
Consider blood transfusion for severe anemia or symptoms, as advised by a clinician
Avoid taking iron, B12, or folate supplements without confirming the cause if possible
Use diet to support treatment (iron-rich foods, vitamin B12 sources, folate-rich foods)
Seek urgent care for symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath at rest, fainting, severe weakness, or black/bloody stools
Follow up with repeat blood tests to confirm response to treatment
Review medications and supplements with a clinician if they may contribute to anemia (e.g., certain GI-affecting meds)