See a healthcare professional to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes
Review and treat contributing factors such as iron deficiency, kidney disease, pregnancy, diabetes, neuropathy, and medication side effects
Check ferritin and iron levels; replace iron if low
Improve sleep habits with a regular sleep schedule
Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol, especially in the evening
Get regular moderate exercise, but avoid intense exercise close to bedtime
Stretch, massage, or use warm baths, heating pads, or cold packs for symptom relief
Keep legs moving during symptoms with walking or leg exercises
Review medications that can worsen symptoms, including some antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics
Use prescribed medications when symptoms are frequent or severe
Consider dopamine agonists for selected cases
Consider alpha-2-delta ligands such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or gabapentin enacarbil
Consider iron therapy when indicated
Use opioids only for severe, refractory cases under specialist supervision
Follow up regularly to monitor symptoms and treatment response