Check for and treat underlying causes such as iron deficiency, kidney disease, pregnancy, diabetes, or nerve problems
Get blood tests for ferritin and iron levels if advised by a clinician
Take iron supplements if iron deficiency is present and prescribed
Review and stop or replace triggering medicines if possible, such as some antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics
Reduce caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol
Keep a regular sleep schedule
Exercise regularly but avoid intense exercise close to bedtime
Stretch, massage, or use warm or cool packs on the legs
Take a warm bath before bed
Use relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation
Improve sleep hygiene by keeping the bedroom quiet, dark, and cool
Consider compression stockings if recommended
Use prescription medicines when symptoms are moderate to severe, such as dopamine agonists, alpha-2-delta ligands, or other clinician-directed options
Follow up with a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen